📘 Voice Change in English Grammar (Active & Passive) – Notes for Competitive Exams
Voice হলো এমন একটি নিয়ম যার মাধ্যমে বোঝানো হয় Subject কোনো কাজ করছে নাকি কাজের প্রভাব পাচ্ছে।
👉 দুটি ধরন আছে:
1. Active Voice – যেখানে Subject কাজ করে।
2. Passive Voice – যেখানে Subject কাজের প্রভাব ভোগ করে।
প্রতিযোগিতামূলক পরীক্ষায় (WBCS, SSC, Banking, Railway, UPSC, Defence, TET ইত্যাদি) Voice Change থেকে প্রশ্ন আসবেই।
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🔹 Active Voice vs Passive Voice
1. Active Voice
👉 যখন Subject কাজ করছে।
📌 Example: The boy kicks the ball.
2. Passive Voice
👉 যখন Subject কাজের প্রভাব ভোগ করছে।
📌 Example: The ball is kicked by the boy.
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🔹 Basic Rules of Voice Change
1. Active Voice-এর Object হয় Passive Voice-এর Subject।
2. Active Voice-এর Verb → Passive Voice-এ be verb + V3 (past participle) হয়।
3. Active Voice-এর Subject → Passive Voice-এ by + Subject হয়।
4. Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb পরিবর্তন হয়।
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🔹 Examples of Voice Change
✅ Present Tense
Active: She writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by her.
Active: They are playing football.
Passive: Football is being played by them.
Active: He has finished the work.
Passive: The work has been finished by him.
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✅ Past Tense
Active: He wrote a story.
Passive: A story was written by him.
Active: She was cooking rice.
Passive: Rice was being cooked by her.
Active: They had completed the project.
Passive: The project had been completed by them.
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✅ Future Tense
Active: He will buy a car.
Passive: A car will be bought by him.
Active: They shall complete the task.
Passive: The task shall be completed by them.
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✅ Imperative Sentences
Active: Open the door.
Passive: Let the door be opened.
Active: Please help me.
Passive: You are requested to help me.
Active: Do not tell a lie.
Passive: Let not a lie be told.
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📌 Exam Special Note
Voice Change-এ Object সঠিকভাবে চিহ্নিত করলেই উত্তর সহজ হ
বে।
Competitive Exam-এ বেশি আসে 👉 Present & Past Indefinite, Imperative Sentence।
By + Subject ব্যবহার মনে রাখা জরুরি।
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